CBSE- Social Science Question Bank Mid term Portion - Geography & Democratic Politics

STD:X                                  Democratic Politics - Question Bank

1.Power Sharing

1.Why French and Dutch conflicted in Belgium?

2.Why Tamil people struggled against the government in Srilanka?

3.How accommodation was made in Belgium?

4. What is Tamil Eelam? Who demanded Tamil Eelam? Why it was demanded?     

     What happened to that demand?

5.What is special about the Community Government?

6.Why power sharing is desirable? Or Do we need power sharing?

7.Expalin the different forms of power sharing?

8. What are Ethnic groups?

9.Majoritarianism is against of democracy – Justify

10.What is Civil war? Give an example.

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2.Federalism

11.What is federalism?

12.How federation contrasting with unitary government? Or Differentiate Unitary  

     government and Federation.

13.List out the key features of Federalism.

14.What are the dual objectives of the federal system?

15.Differentiate Coming together federations and Holding together federations

16.What are the aspects makes India a federal country?

17.Differentiate Union list and State list?

18.Differentiate State list and Concurrent list?

19.All the states in India do not have identical powers – Comment the statement.

20. Is it easy to make changes in the power sharing arrangement in India? Justify

       your answer.

21.Why central government resisted to create the linguistic states?

22.What is the Language policy of India? Or How our leaders shown flexibility in    

     language policy and protected the unity of India?

23.Write about the Centre and state government relationships in India.

24.What is coalition government? And How coalition government good for    

     democracy?

25.What is decentralization? How decentralization is important for democracy?

26.What was the major step taken in 1992 in decentralization?

27.What is Panchayat raj? What do you know about the panchayat raj?

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3.Democracy and Diversity

28.How Mexico Olympics reflected the racial discrimination of USA?

29.Classify the social differences on the basis of Origin.

30.Differntiate Overlapping and Cross-cutting social differences.

31.How do social divisions affect the politics? Explain with an example.

32.What are the three factors determining the outcomes of representing the social

      divisions in politics?

33.Homogeneous Society.

34.Migrant

35.Civil Rights movement in the USA

36.The Black power.

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4. Gender, Religion and Caste

37.What is sexual division of labour?

38.List out functions of feminist movements.

39.How can we say Our Indian families are traditionally Patriarchal?

40.Women and Literacy.

41.Women and education.

42.Women and work

43.Write about the status of child sex ration in India.

44.Women’s representation in politics.

45. Different views about religion.

46. What is communalism? How communalism act against the spirit of democracy?

47. How communalism takes various forms in politics?

48. How can we say India is a Secular state?

49. What do you know about the caste inequalities?

50. What are the factors has reduced the effects of caste in India?

51. Why caste still persist in India? Or what are the factor holds the caste

       sentiments in India?

52. How caste influence the politics / elections?

53. Justify that caste alone do not decide everything in the elections.

54. How politics influence the caste?

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Geography - Question Bank

1.Resources and Development

1.Define resources with an example.

2.Classify the resources on the basis of Origin

3.Classify the resources on the basis of Exhaustibility

4.Classify the resources on the basis of Ownership

5.Classify the resources on the basis of Status of Development

6.Development of resources led to various problems. Comment

7.Define Sustainable development.

8.Earth summit 1992.

9.What is Agenda 21.

10.What is resource planning? Why resource planning is important for the

      development of India.

11.List out the process involved in Resource Planning.

12.There are many regions in our country that are rich in resources but these are

      included in economically backward region. Give some reasons for this.

13.What do you mean by conservation of resources? Why conservation of resources

      is needed?

14.At the international level steps has been taken to conserve the resources. Justify

     the statement.

15.Define landuse.

16.List out the different land uses.

17. What is Land use pattern in India?

18.What is land degradation?

19.What are the reasons for land degradation in different parts of India?

20.List out the ways to solve the Land degradation.

21.Describe the origin, character, and distribution of Alluvial Soil in India.

22.Describe the origin, character, and distribution of Black Soil in India.

23.Describe the origin, character, and distribution of Red Soil in India.

24.Describe the origin, character, and distribution of Arid Soil in India.

25.Describe the origin, character, and distribution of Laterite Soil in India.

26.Describe the origin, character, and distribution of Forest Soil in India.

27.What is Soil erosion? What are the different types of soil erosion?

28.What is soil conservation?

29.How can we conserve soil from the erosion?

30.Differentiate Khadar and Bhangar

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3.Water Resources

31.Give a statistical account of water resources of world and status of India.

32.Explain the reasons for water scarcity in India.

33.What is Multi-Purpose projects?

34.Indians has a knowledge of water management since the ancient times.- Justify

     the statement with relevant examples.

35.List out the merits of Multi – Purpose projects.

36.Why Nehru called Multi – Purpose projects as “Temples of Modern India”?

37.How dams affect the aquatic life?

38.Dams has caused the raise many new social movement- comment the statement.

39.How irrigation changed the cropping pattern of India?

40.India has a tradition of water harvesting system. Prove the statement with

     relevant examples.

41.What is Palar pani?     42.What is Khadins?

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4.Agriculture

43.Define Agriculture.

44.Describe Primitive Subsistence Forming

45.Describe Intensive subsistence Forming

46.Differentiate Intensive subsistence forming and Commercial forming.

47.Explain about three major agriculture seasons of India.

48.Write geographical conditions and distribution of Rice.

49.Write geographical conditions and distribution of Wheat.

50.Write geographical conditions and distribution of Millets.

51.Write geographical conditions and distribution of Sugarcane.

52.Write geographical conditions and distribution of Cotton.

53.Write geographical conditions and distribution of Jute.

54.Write geographical conditions and distribution of Coffee.

55.Write geographical conditions and distribution of Tea.

56.Write geographical conditions and distribution of Pulses.

57.Write geographical conditions and distribution of Rubber.

58.The impact of Technical and Institutional Reforms in the Indian agriculture.

59.What do you know about the Blood – Less Revolution?

60.Which crop is known as Golden fiber of India? and give a reason.

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5.Minerals and Energy Resources

61.What are minerals? List some use of minerals.

62.Classify the minerals.

63.Differentiate Geologist and Geography

64.All living things need minerals. Comment.

65.What are Ores? Give some examples.

66.Explain the kinds of occurrence of minerals.

67.What is Rat hole mining? Where it is practiced?

68.When does the mineral deposit turn into a mine?

69.Write about the different types of Iron ores.

70.Which ranges looks like a Hump of an Ox? Which ranges looks like a face of the

     Horse?

71.Explain in detail about the major iron belts of India or distribution of iron ore in

      India.

72.Write about the significance and distribution of Manganese.

73.Write about the significance and distribution of Copper.

74.Write about the significance and distribution of Bauxite.

75.Write about the significance and distribution of Mica.

76.Write about the significance and distribution of Limestone.

77.Why mining is called killer industry?

78.Why there is a need to conserve minerals?

79.Differentiate the Conventional and Non-Conventional energy resources.

80.Write about the formation of coal and its distribution in India.

81.Classify the coal on the basis of carbon content.

82.Classify the coal on the basis of age.

83.Which industries are called Nodal industry? Why?

84.Write about the occurrences of Oil and Gas.

85.Describe the distribution of Oil and Gas.

86.Write about the Hydro- electricity in India

87.Write about the development of Nuclear energy in India.

87.Write about the development of Solar energy in India.

87.Write about the development of Wind energy in India.

87.Write about the development of Biogas energy in India.

87.Write about the development of Geo-Thermal energy in India.

87.Write about the development of Tidal energy in India.

88.Interpretate the following statement – “Energy saved is energy produced”.

89.Differentiate Ferrous and Non – Ferrous minerals

90.Differentiate Metallic and Non- Metallic minerals

91.Placer deposits

92.Veins

93.Lodes

94.Name the kind of Iron ore found abundant in India.

95.What do you know about the Hazards of Mining?

96.What are Anticlines.

97.Name the gas pipeline of India which connects various industries of North India.

98.Name the type of sands rich in Thorium.

99.How can we say India has enormous possibilities of tapping solar energy

100.What are flood gates? What is the importance of flood gates? Where they    are used? 

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Study material for Democratic Politics STD 10 CBSE Social Science

Std:10                                   Democratic Politics

Simplified study material

1. Power Sharing

1.Case study of Belgium

Ø In Belgium 59% of people speak Dutch and 40% of people speak French.

Ø In capital Brussels 80% of people speak French While 20% of people speak Dutch.

Ø Minority French speaking people was relatively rich and powerful

Ø So rulling government schemes were in favour of Dutch speaking people.

Ø It led to tensions between Dutch and French speaking communities.

2.Accommodation/solution in Belgium.

Ø Between 1970 and 1993 four times constitution was amended.

Ø Central government ministry was shared by French and Dutch communities equally.

Ø Central governemt shared its power with the regional governments.

Ø Community government was setup to look at the issues of language, education and culture.

Ø Separate government for Brussels and French shared ministry with Dutch.

3.Case study of Sri Lanka / Majoritarianism in Sri Lanka.

Ø In Sri Lanka 74% of people speak Sinhala.

Ø Tamil speaking population was 18%.

Ø In that Sri Lankan Tamils or Native Tamils were 13% and Indian Tamils were 5%.

Ø 1956 the Only Sinhala Act made Sinhala as the only official Language.

Ø Reservation policies were made in favour of Sinhala and against of Tamils.

Ø Tamil people raised their demands which was ignored by the government.

Ø So Tamil people demanded Separate state called Tami Eelam.

Ø The civil war took place in Sri Lanka and ended in favour in Sinhala

Ø Thousands of innocent Tamil people were killed in the war.

4.Why power sharing is desirable? Why do we need power sharing?

Prudential Reasons:

Ø Power sharing can reduce the conflict between two communities.

Ø Power sharing may increase the stability of the government.

Ø Power sharing can reduce the violence between two communities.

Moral Reasons: 

Ø Power sharing is the very spirit of democracy.

Ø People have a right to be consulted.

5.Forms of Power sharing / Kinds of power sharing:

Horizontal power sharing:

Ø Power sharing among the organs of the government.

Ø Power sharing between Legislative, Executive and Judiciary.

Ø None of the organ is having unlimited powers.

Ø Each organ can check others.

Vertical power sharing

Ø Power sharing among the different levels of the government

Ø Central government for overall country.

Ø There will be regional government or state government.

Ø The central government shares its powers with state government.

Ø The state government shares powers with the local government.

Ø There will be federal setup of multi-level governance.  

Ø Ex: India and Belgium

Power sharing with different social groups

Ø Power sharing with weaker section of the society.

Ø In India reservation has been given to the SC/ST and women.

Ø Powers sharing with minorities and weaker section of the people.

Ø Ex: Community government in Belgium.

Power sharing with Political parties, pressure groups and movements

Ø Two or more parties form an alliance and share power.

Ø Interest groups like farmers, traders can also share the power by influencing the government in their favour.

Ethnic:A Social division based on culture. People have similarities in physical looks and culture. Need not always have same religion and nationality.

Majoritarianism: A belief of the majority community dominate or rule over the minority community. Disregarding the needs and wishes of the minority.

Civil war: A violent conflict between two groups within the nation.

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2. Federalism

1.What is federalism?

Ø In a federal system a country have two or more level of government.

Ø There will be a central or union government for entire country.

Ø There will be regional governments at regional level.

2.What are the key features of  federalism?

Ø There are two or more level of government.

Ø Each level of government has its own jurisdiction.

Ø Jurisdictions are specified in the constitution.

Ø Basic rights of the constitution cannot be changed by one level of government.

Ø Court have the power to interpret the constitution.

Ø Sources of revenue has been shared between the different levels of the government.

3. What are two objectives of the federal government?

Ø To safeguard and promote the unity of the country.

Ø To accommodate the regional diversity.

4.Differentiate COMING TOGETHER FEDERATION AND HOLDING TOGETHER FEDERATION

COMING TOGETHER FEDERATION:

Ø A.Independent states coming together on their own and form big unit.

Ø B.Ex:USA and Australia

HOLDING TOGETHER FEDERATION:

Ø A.A large country divided into smaller divisions.

Ø B.Ex: India and Belgium.

5.What makes India a federal country?

Ø The constitution of India declared that India is an Indian Union.

Ø Earlier we started with two tier government now we have three tier administration.

Ø Union list: subjects of national importance. Ex: Banking and Currency etc.,

Ø State list: subjects of local importance. Ex: Police, agriculture and irrigation etc.,

Ø Concurrent list: These are common subjects where both level of government can make laws. Ex:Education, forest and marriage.

6.Linguistic states

Ø Lanuage based states were formed to ensure that people who spoke the same language lived in the same state. Exception to Nagaland, Uttarkhand and Jharkhand.

Ø Some national leaders had a fear that linguistic states can separate the nation but now it made our country more united.

7.Language policy

Ø Our constitution did not gave the status of National Language to any one language.

Ø Hindi was identified as the official language of central government.

Ø Hindi is the mother tongue of 40% of the Indians.

Ø In 1965  the use of English for official purpose was stop, but non Hindi states demanded English to continue.

Ø particularly in Tamil nadu the Anti Hindi Movement took violent form.

Ø So the Central Government agreed to continue the use of English for official purpose.

Ø In this issue national leaders shown great flexibility which avoided the conflict like Srilanka.

8.Centre – State relationship

Ø When same party ruling in the Central and State government than the state get more favours.

Ø When State and Centre governments were ruled by different party, the Central Government undermine the State government.

Ø In those days central government misuse the powers and dismiss the state government.

Ø After 1990 we could able to sew a rise of regional parties.

Ø The era of COALITION GOVERNMENTS has strengthened the federal set up.

9.What is decentralization?

Ø When power is taken away from the Central and State governments and given to the Local government is called decentralization.

10 Why decentralization of power is needed?

Ø Large number of problems are local in nature.

Ø Most of the  problems can be solved at local level, need not taken to the higher level.

Ø local people have the better understanding of the issue and they can come out with best solution.

Ø It give the sense to the people that they are in decision taking process.

11.What was the major step took in decentralization  in  1992

Ø Local government elections became mandatory.

Ø Seats are reserved SC/ST.

Ø One third seats are reserved for Women

Ø State Election commission was set up in all states to look after the election process.

Ø The State government need to share its power and money to the local government.

Jurisdiction:  The area over which someone has legal authority.

Coalition government: A government formed by at least two political parties.

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3.Democracy and Diversity

1.Story of Mexico Olympics:

Ø Mexico Olympics held at 1968.

Ø African - Americans  Tommie smith and John carlos won gold and bronse medal in 200 meters race for USA

Ø While receiving medal both were wearing black socks and no shoes to represent the black poverty.

Ø The raised clenched fists, they represent black power.

Ø Peter Norman who got silver medal also wear Human rights batch to support Tommie Smith and John Carlos.

Ø The International Olympics Association held Tommie smith and John Carlos held guilty and taken back their medals.

Ø Peter Norman was not selected for Australian team for next Olympics.

Ø San Jose University erected statue for Tommie smith and John Carlos.

Ø Tommie Smith and John Carlos were gone to Australia to participate in the funeral of Peter Norman who supported him as an athlete.

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2.Origin of Social Differences

There are two sources of social differences

a.On the basis of Birth: Race, Caste, Color, Nationality, Ability and disability of the body are the certain social differences the child gets with the birth.

b.On the basis of Choices: Education, Occupation, Ageists or Devotee, Games, Hobby are the certain social differences a person can choose in his life.

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3.Overlapping and Cross-Cutting social differences.

Overlapping Social differences:

Ø One social difference becomes more important than the other and people start to feeling that they belongs to different communities

Ø Class and social division will overlap on each other

Ø Ex:In Northern Ireland Roman Catholics were poor and discriminated while protestants were rich and influential.

Ø In USA Blacks were poor, homeless and discriminated while Whites were rich.

Ø In India Dalits were poor and landless while upper caste were rich and landlord.

Ø Overlapping social division is very dangerous to any country.

Cross-Cutting social differences:

Ø Social differences cross cut each other and it is difficult to pit one group of people against the other.

Ø Ex:Netherland consist of Roman Catholics and Protestant.

Ø There rich and poor in both sections of the religion.

Ø So they don’t have conflicts like Northern Ireland.

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4.Politics of Social division or Ranges of Outcomes of social division in politics.

Ø Social division can be represented in politics.

Ø But domination of one social division over other can lead to violence between two communities and also disintegration of the country.

Ø Ex:Northern Ireland Roman Catholics were 44% and they were poor and discriminated.

Ø The Nationalist party representing the Roman Catholics demanded that Northern Ireland be unified with Republic of Ireland where Roman Catholics are majority.

Ø The Unionist party representing the 53% of protestant want the country remain with U.K.

Ø Hundreds of civilians were killed in the violence.

Ø Finally 1998 the U.K government and the Nationalist reached a peace treaty. And stop the violence.

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5.Factors deciding the outcomes of representing social division in politics.

1.How people perceive themselves?:

Ø If people see their identities in singular and exclusive it is difficult to accommodate.

Ø In Northern Ireland people saw themselves as Roman Catholics and protestant.

Ø Where as in Belgium the people saw themselves as Belgians first and then French and Dutch. So they could able to solve the problem. Which not took place in Northern Ireland.

2.How leaders raise their demands?:

Ø When the leaders of the social division raise their demands within the constitution it will be easy to accommodate.

Ø In Sri Lanka the Tamil community demand was above the constitution so it remains un resolved.

3.How government react to the demands of different social groups?:

Ø In Belgium rulers are willing to share the powers and accommodate the French. But it not took place in Sri Lanka the rulers are not ready to share their powers with the minority Tamil people.

Ø If the rulers try to suppress the demand of the minority in the name of national unity we have to understand that they are sowing the seeds of disintegration.   

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4.Gender,Religion and Movement

1.Gender and Politics

1.1Sexual division of politics:

Ø The main responsibility of women is house work like cooking, washing and taking care of children.

Ø All the work outside the house is responsibility of men. Men is expected involve in economic activity and earn money of the family.

Ø Indian family system is Patriarchal in nature.

1.2Women and education:

Ø According to 2011 census female literacy rate is only 54%. Nearly half of Indian women are illiterate.

Ø Even though girls do well in school education still their enrollment in higher education is very less. Parents are ready to spend more on boys than the girls.

1.3Women and work:

Ø Now we could able to see women in many jobs. But from Sports to Cinema women are paid less than the men.

Ø The Equal Remuneration Act 1976 says that men and women should be paid equally.

Ø Declining Child sex ratio: In many parts of India parents prefer to have sons and try to abort the girl. So child sex ratio has declined to 914 girls per 1000 boys.

1.4Women and politics:

Ø In India 2009 alone the women representation has crossed 10% in lok sabha. Still most of the state assemblies women representation is less than 5%.

Ø world average of women in politics is 19.7% and Nordic countries women representation is 42%.

Ø A bill stating one third seat in loksabha and vidhan sabha is bending in parliament for more than the decade.

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2.Religion

2.1Views on religion:

Views of Gandhi: Religion can never be separated from the politics.

He believed that politics must be guided by ethics drawn from religion.

Women’s Movement: family laws of all religions discriminate against women.

Human rights Movement: Human rights groups argued that most of the victims of communal riots are religious minorities.

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Communalism:

Ø The religion is seen as the basis of the nation.

Ø State power is used to establish the interest of majority religion.

Ø The majority religion dominate the minority religion through the political power.

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How communalism can take various forms in politics?

Ø Majority religion beliefs are established in superior with minority religion.

Ø A communal mind search for political dominance.

Ø Due to dominance of majority minority community started to desire for separate unit.

Ø Political mobolisation on religious lines. Scared symbols and religious leaders emotional speech create the fear in the minds of the religious minority.

Ø Sometimes communalism takes its ugliest form of violence.

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Secular state:

Ø There is no official language for Indian state.

Ø People have the freedom to profess, practice and propagate any religion.

Ø The constitution prohibits discrimination on the grounds of religion.

Ø Government intervene into religion only when anything go unconstitutional.           Ex: Indian constitution has banned Untouchability.

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