Nationalism in India
Std
X Ayyappan
1.How
the 1st world war affected
the Indian economy?
Ø Huge defense
expenditure.
Ø Increase
of taxes – introduction of income tax
Ø Prices
doubling between 1913 and 1918
Ø Forced
recruitment – Government forced the people to join military
2.Satyagraha
Ø Novel
method – Power of truth
Ø If the
cause was true, if the struggle was
against injustice, without physical force we can get victory.
Ø Without
vengeance and aggressive a sathyagrahi could win battle.
Ø Non –
violence is the Supreme dharma of satyagraha.
3.Earlier
struggles of Gandhiji
Ø 1916 –
Champaran in Bihar - peasants were
pressurized to cultivate indigo.
Ø 1917 –
Kheda in Gujarat – crops affected due to drought - decrease tax
Ø 1918 –
Ahmedabad – Cotton mill workers
4.Rowlatt
Act 1919
Ø Rowlatt
act gave more powers to government to repress political activities.
Ø Political
prisoners can be kept in detention without any trial for two years.
5.Jallianwalla
bagh incident – 13/april/1919
Ø People
gathered in Jallianwalla bagh ground for the Baishaki fair and to protest the
Rowlatt act without knowing about the implementation of martial law.
Ø General
Dyer entered the ground, blocked the exit and ordered open shooting – hundreds
of them died.
Ø He
declared that he did to effect on satyagrahies.
6.Why
Khilafat committee was started?
Ø In 1st
world war Turkey was defeated.
Ø Kalifa
(Turkey king) was pressurized to accept the harsh peace treaty.
Ø Muslims
started movements to protect the powers of Kalifa.
Ø In
India khilafat was started by Muhammed ali and Shaukat ali.
Ø Gandhi
wanted to integrate the Hindu and muslims, so he supported the Khilafat.
7.Hindu
Swaraj – 1909 (book-by Gandhiji)
Ø British
raj is not possible without the support of Indians. If Indians refused to co-operate British rule
in India would collapse within a year.
8.Stages
of non- Co operation
Ø Surrender
of tittles.
Ø Boycott
of civil services, army, police, courts and councils.
Ø Boycott
of foreign goods - foreign goods were burnt in public places.
Ø Licker
shops were picketed
9.How
people understood the sathyagraha or
swaraj differentially? (OR)Oudh Kissan sabha (OR)Baba Ramchandra
Ø Awadh
peasants were protested against the British under the leadership of Baba Ramachander.
Ø They
demanded the decrease of land rent, abolition of Bagar system and regular
tenure of lands.
Ø 1920 –
Jawaharlal Nehru visited the Awadh and formed theOudh Kissan Saba
Ø Movement
spread fast. But it led to violence in many places.
Ø They
started to attack the thalukdars houses, looted markts. So congress not
supported the violence and the Sabha .
10.Guerrilla
movement in Andhra Pradesh
Ø Guerrilla
movement spread in Gudam hills of Andhra Pradesh in early 1920.
Ø Forest
law affected the people.
Ø Forest
law prevented the people from entering the forest to graze their cattle,
collect fuel wood, fruits and hunting.
Ø It
enraged the people.
Ø Allure
Sitaram Raju led the movement.
Ø He was
proclaimed that he has some special powers.
He can survive from bullet shoots and can do predictions.
Ø He is
supported the Gandhi and asked the people to leave the drinking. But he not
believed the non-violence.
Ø He
believed that trough the violence British raj can be removed from the power.
Ø Raju
was captured and executed in 1924 for the guerrilla attacks on British. Then he
became a folk hero.
11.Swaraj
in plantations.
Ø Under
the Inland Emigration Act of 1859 plantation worker were not permitted to leave
the tea gardens without permission. The permission was given very rearly.
Ø Workers
believed that swaraj means Gandhi raj is coming and everyone would be given
land in their own village.
Ø They
tried to escape from the plantation but got by police and got punishment.
12.Why
Gandhiji withdraw the non – Cooperation movement?
Ø The
movement went on violence.
Ø The
people burned the police station at Chauri –Chaura, so Gandhiji called off the
movement .
13.Simon
commission 1928
Ø New
Troy government in Britain set up commission under Sir John Simon.
Ø The
Simon commission was setup to look into the functioning of the constitutional
system.
Ø Congress
opposed the Simon commission because there is no Indian member in the
commission.
Ø Congress
protested with slogan ‘Go back Simon’.
14.Purna
Swaraj
Ø 1929
December Lahore congress formalized Purna Swaraj by Nehru.
Ø 1930
January 26 Purna Swaraj was declared salt sathyagaha 31/01/1930
15.
Salt Sathyagraha (OR) Civil disobedience movement
Ø There
was a tax over the salt and the government had the monopoly over the salt
production.
Ø Mahatma
Gandhi declared this is a most exploitative policy of the British government.
Ø 11th
March 1930 Gandhiji started the famous Dhandi march with 78 trusted volunteers.
Ø The
march was over 240 miles from the Sabarmathi Ashram to coastal town Dandi.
Ø Everyday
they walked 10 miles and in 24 days they reached the Dandi on 6th
April.
Ø By
boiling the salt water Gandhi violated the Salt Act.
16.Gandhiji
and Dalith.
Ø Gandhiji
called untouchables as ‘Harijan’ or Children of god.
Ø He
organized the sathyagraha to secure them entry into temples and access to
public wells, tanks,roads and schools.
Ø He
himself cleaned the toilets to dignify the work of the bhangi.
17. Why Dr.B.R.Ambedkar and Gandhi clashed?
Ø Dr.B.R.Ambedkar
organized the dalits into Depressed class Association in1930, clashed with
Gandhi in second round table conference.
Ø Dr.B.R.Ambedkar
demanded the separate electorate for dalits, when British government conceded
the demand Gandhi began a fast unto death.
Ø Gandhi
believed that separate electorate for the daliths will deepen the rift the
Indian society, so he suggested to give reserved constituency for the daliths.
Ø In
1932 Dr.B.R.Ambedkar accepted with Gandhi through Puna pact.
18.Why
Civil disobedience movement was called off by Gandhi?
Ø During
1930 Abdul Ghaffar khan was arrested so there was a protest in Peshawar, police
open fired.
Ø One
month later Gandhi was arrested, industrial workers of Sholapur attacked the
police post, municipal buildings, courts and railway stations so government
frightened and responded brutally.
Ø 1,00,000
people were arrested, so Gandhi called off the civil disobedience movement.
v October 1929 Lord Irvin offered the
Dominion status for India.
v April 1919 - Rowlatt Act
v January 1921 – Non – co operation and
Khilafat movement.
v 1922 – Chauri Chaura
v 1929 – Lahore congress – Purna Swaraj
v 1930 – Salt Sathyagraha – Dandi march
v 1931 – Second round table conference
v 1932 September – Puna pact
v 1870 – Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay wrote ‘Vande Mataram’, included in Anandamath novel – first created the
image of ‘Bharat matha’.
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R.AYYAPPAN
SOCIAL
TEACHER
